ABSTRACT
Este estudo objetivou compreender as implicações da toxoplasmose congênita e pós-natal no laço mãe-bebê e no desenvolvimento do bebê. Realizou-se um estudo de casos múltiplos com duas díades de mães e bebês diagnosticados com toxoplasmose congênita ou pós-natal, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com as mães e observação dos Indicadores Clínicos de Referência para o Desenvolvimento Infantil (IRDIs). O primeiro caso apresentou todos os indicadores presentes, revelando que o processo de desenvolvimento do bebê estava em andamento. O segundo caso teve dois indicadores ausentes, sinalizando um alerta frente a dificuldades na relação da díade. Destaca-se que a presença de intercorrências orgânicas pode afetar a constituição do laço mãe-bebê e o desenvolvimento do bebê, mas não implica, necessariamente, em consequências negativas, visto que se tratam de processos complexos, dinâmicos e multifatoriais
Este estudio buscó comprender las implicaciones de toxoplasmosis congénita y postnatal en el vínculo madre-bebé y en el desarrollo del bebé. Se realizó un estudio de caso múltiple con dos díadas de madres y bebés diagnosticados con toxoplasmosis congénita o posnatal, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas con las madres y observación de los Indicadores Clínicos de Referencia para el Desarrollo Infantil (IRDIs). El primer caso presentó todos indicadores presentes, revelando que el proceso de desarrollo del bebé estaba en curso. El segundo caso tenía dos indicadores ausentes, indicando una alerta ante las dificultades en la relación madre-bebé. Se destaca que la presencia de complicaciones orgánicas puede afectar la constitución del vínculo madre-bebé y el desarrollo del bebé, pero no necesariamente implica consecuencias negativas, por tratarse de procesos complejos, dinámicos y multifactoriales
This study aimed to understand the implications of congenital and postnatal toxoplasmosis in the mother-baby bond and in baby's development. A multiple case study was carried out with two dyads of mothers and babies diagnosed with congenital or postnatal toxoplasmosis, through semi-structured interviews with the mothers and observation of the Clinical Reference Indicators for Child Development (IRDIs). The first case presented all the indicators present, revealing that the baby's development process was in progress. The second case had two indicators absent, signaling an alert in the face of difficulties in the dyad's relationship. It is noteworthy that the presence of organic complications can affect the constitution of the mother-infant bond and the baby's development, but it does not necessarily imply negative consequences, as these are complex, dynamic and multifactorial processes
Cette étude a visé à comprendre les implications de la toxoplasmose congénitale et le postnatal pour le lien mère-bébé et le développement de bébé. Une étude de multiples cas a été realizé avec deux dyades des mères et bébés diagnostiqués avec toxoplasmose congénitale ou postnatal, à travers de interviews semi-structurés aves des méres et observation des Indicateurs Cliniques de Risque pour le Développement de l'Infant (IRDIs). Le premier cas présentait tous les indicateurs présents, révélant que le processus de développement du bébé était en cours. Le deuxième cas avait deux indicateurs absents, signalant une alerte sur la difficulté dans la relation de dyade. Il est souligné que la présence de complications organiques affecte la constitution du lien mère-bébé et le développement du bébé, mais n'implique pas, nécessairement, en conséquences négatives ou préjudice,car ce sont des processus complexes, dynamiques et multifactoriels qui sont considerés
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Adult , Child Development , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/psychology , Mother-Child Relations/psychology , Object Attachment , PsychoanalysisABSTRACT
A imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) é considerada uma ferramenta rápida e precisa para a identificação de protozoários, como Toxoplasma gondii, em tecidos fetais e placentários. Neste estudo foi avaliada a imunodetecção de Toxoplasma gondii em tecido placentário de cabras naturalmente infectadas. Foram coletadas e analisadas 80 amostras de placentas de cabras procedentes de único rebanho com sorologia positiva para T. gondii na técnica de ELISA. Na histopatologia, 27/80 amostras apresentaram lesões sugestivas de infecção por protozoários. Após a avaliação histopatológica, procedeu-se à realização da técnica de imuno-histoquímica, obtendo-se 85,2% (23/27) de amostras com marcação positiva. A imunodetecção ocorreu no epitélio de revestimento das vilosidades coriônicas e foi classificada de acordo com o grau de intensidade da imunomarcação. Também foi evidenciada imunomarcação no interior dos vasos sanguíneos fetais em 8,69% (2/23) das amostras. Este estudo demonstrou que a técnica de IHQ se comportou como uma ferramenta valiosa no diagnóstico da infeção por T. gondii em tecido placentário de cabras naturalmente infectadas e complementou, de forma decisiva, o diagnóstico, além de agregar maior valor aos resultados obtidos nas análises histopatológica e sorológica.(AU)
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is considered to be a rapid and accurate tool for the identification of protozoa such as Toxoplasma gondii in fetal and placental tissues. In this study, we evaluated the immunodetection of Toxoplasma gondii in placental tissue from naturally infected goats. A total of 80 samples of goat placentas from a single herd with positive ELISA serology for T. gondii were collected and analyzed. In the histopathology, 27/80 samples presented lesions suggestive of protozoal infection. After the histopathological evaluation, the immunohistochemistry technique was performed, obtaining 85.2% (23/27) of samples with positive marking. Immunodetection occurred in the lining epithelium of the chorionic villi and was classified according to the degree of intensity of the immunostaining. Immunostaining within the fetal blood vessels was also evidenced in 8.69% (2/23) of the samples. This study demonstrated that the IHQ technique behaved as a valuable tool in the diagnosis of T. gondii infection in placental tissue of naturally infected goats completing the diagnosis in a decisive way and adding greater value to the results obtained in the histopathological and serological analysis.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Placenta/microbiology , Toxoplasma/immunology , Ruminants/microbiologyABSTRACT
The epidemic associated with infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the main health problems in the world, about one million people died as a result of infection related to it; according to the statistical data of 2016 the number of infected persons was 36,7 million, 34,5 million were adults and 2,1 million children (under 15 years), it was calculated for 2016 that there were about 1,8 million of new HIV infections.Toxoplasma encephalitis (ET) is a zoonosis of global distribution is one of the most frequent opportunistic diseases in patients with immunosuppression by HIV. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan, which infects the human being through the intake of raw or undercooked meat. The following is the report of a case of a 25-year-old patient with a recent diagnosis of HIV infection, who went to the emergency room for generalized headache of moderate intensity, which did not yield to the administration of medications, was accompanied by drowsiness, paresthesia of the tongue and left hemicara.
The epidemic associated with infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the main health problems in the world, about one million people died as a result of infection related to it; according to the statistical data of 2016 the number of infected persons was 36,7 million, 34,5 million were adults and 2,1 million children (under 15 years), it was calculated for 2016 that there were about 1,8 million of new HIV infections.Toxoplasma encephalitis (ET) is a zoonosis of global distribution is one of the most frequent opportunistic diseases in patients with immunosuppression by HIV. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan, which infects the human being through the intake of raw or undercooked meat. The following is the report of a case of a 25-year-old patient with a recent diagnosis of HIV infection, who went to the emergency room for generalized headache of moderate intensity, which did not yield to the administration of medications, was accompanied by drowsiness, paresthesia of the tongue and left hemicara
Subject(s)
Male , Public Health , HIV , Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral , Epidemics , Encephalitis , InfectionsABSTRACT
Introducción: La toxoplasmosis afecta frecuentemente la cámara posterior del ojo y puede producir pérdida de la visión. Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia y características clínicas de la Toxoplasmosis ocular en un consultorio de oftalmología pediátrica. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo retrospectivo Se analizaron las historias clínicas de pacientes de 0 a 18 años de edad, con toxoplasmosis ocular, atendidos en el consultorio de oftalmología pediátrica, desde enero 2011 a mayo de 2014. Variables: edad, sexo, forma de toxoplasmosis, tipo de lesión ocular, localización de la lesión, compromiso unilateral o bilateral, y complicaciones oculares. Los datos se analizaron con SPSSv21 utilizando estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. No fue necesario el consentimiento informado porque se trata de un estudio retrospectivo. Resultados: Ingresaron 72 pacientes. La mediana de edad 48 meses, fueron neonatos el 6,9%. El 52,8% eran sexo femenino. El 80,5% presentaron toxoplasmosis adquirida y el 19, 4% congénita. Todos los pacientes tenían coriorretinitis. Y en el 7% se acompañaron de uveítis. La afectación fue bilateral en 52.8%. Las lesiones eran inactivas en 87,5 con localización central. Presentaron complicaciones en el 58,3% de los pacientes: estrabismo en 76% y en 24 % desprendimiento de retina. Conclusión: La frecuencia de TO fue del 0,8%. La mayoría de los pacientes tenían más de 2 años de edad y el 19% tenía toxoplasmosis congénita. Todos tuvieron corioretinitis, con compromiso bilateral y localización central más frecuentemente. Hubo predominio de lesiones inactivas tanto en la toxoplasmosis congénita como en la adquirida. Las complicaciones fueron estrabismo y desprendimiento de retina.
Introduction: Toxoplasmosis frequently affects the posterior chamber of the eye and can cause vision loss. Objective: To describe the frequency and clinical characteristics of ocular toxoplasmosis in a pediatric ophthalmology clinic. Materials and Methods: this was an observational, descriptive and retrospective study. We reviewed the clinical histories of patients from 0 to 18 years of age, with ocular toxoplasmosis, treated in the pediatric ophthalmology clinic, from January 2011 to May 2014. Variables were age, sex, form of toxoplasmosis, ocular lesion type, lesion location, unilateral or bilateral involvement, and ocular complications. The data was analyzed with SPSSv21 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Informed consent was not necessary because it was a retrospective study. Results: 72 patients were included. The median age was 48 months; 6.9% were neonates, 52.8% were female. 80.5% had acquired toxoplasmosis and 19.4% congenital. All the patients had chorioretinitis and 7% also had uveitis. Bilateral affectation was present in 52.8%. The lesions were inactive at 87.5% with central location. Complications were present in 58.3% of patients: strabismus in 76% and 24% had retinal detachment. Conclusion: The frequency of OT was 0.8%. The majority of the patients were over 2 years of age and 19% had congenital toxoplasmosis. All had chorioretinitis, with bilateral involvement and central location present more frequently. There was a predominance of inactive lesions in both congenital and acquired toxoplasmosis. The most common complications were strabismus and retinal detachment.
ABSTRACT
Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic protozoan parasite that can infect almost all warm-blooded animals including humans with a worldwide distribution. Micronemes play an important role in invasion process of T. gondii, associated with the attachment, motility, and host cell recognition. In this research, sequence diversity in microneme protein 6 (MIC6) gene among 16 T. gondii isolates from different hosts and geographical regions and 1 reference strain was examined. The results showed that the sequence of all the examined T. gondii strains was 1,050 bp in length, and their A + T content was between 45.7% and 46.1%. Sequence analysis presented 33 nucleotide mutation positions (0-1.1%), resulting in 23 amino acid substitutions (0-2.3%) aligned with T. gondii RH strain. Moreover, T. gondii strains representing the 3 classical genotypes (Type I, II, and III) were separated into different clusters based on the locus of MIC6 using phylogenetic analyses by Bayesian inference (BI), maximum parsimony (MP), and maximum likelihood (ML), but T. gondii strains belonging to ToxoDB #9 were separated into different clusters. Our results suggested that MIC6 gene is not a suitable marker for T. gondii population genetic studies.